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4.
Nutr Hosp ; 38(Spec No1): 37-45, 2022 Mar 29.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35137596

RESUMO

Introduction: NutriCOVer is a global research program sponsored by Nutricia to support initiatives in clinical investigation in 16 countries worldwide. The program's objective is to adapt nutritional care to the needs of patients with COVID-19 who have been discharged from the intensive care unit. In Spain - a reference country for the NutriCOVer program - three research projects are being carried out. These studies analyze the clinical course of COVID-19 patients from a nutritional point of view, evaluating relevant aspects such as the prevalence and evolution of malnutrition and sarcopenia (the NUTRICOVID study), the prevalence and impact of dysphagia (the COVID-19-DN-OD study), or changes in corporal composition measured through nutritional ultrasound and bioimpedance analysis (the NUTRIECOMUSCLE study). In this article, the principal investigators of the three projects discuss the steps taken to develop these studies in the context of a worldwide pandemic: from initial concept, study design, and patient recruitment to problems in the execution of the project in day-to-day practice and publication policies. Also, they offer some insights on the initial results and the implications which these studies may have for current clinical practice.


Introducción: NutriCOVer es un programa de investigación impulsado por Nutricia a nivel global para apoyar iniciativas de investigación clínica en 16 países de todo el mundo. El programa tiene como objetivo adaptar el cuidado nutricional a las necesidades de los pacientes con COVID-19 dados de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos. En España se están desarrollando tres proyectos de investigación, siendo un país de referencia dentro del programa NutriCOVer. Estos estudios analizan la evolución de los pacientes tras una COVID-19 grave desde el punto de vista nutricional, evaluando aspectos relevantes como la prevalencia y evolución de la desnutrición y la sarcopenia (estudio NUTRICOVID), la prevalencia y el impacto de la disfagia (estudio COVID-19- DN-OD) y los cambios de la composición corporal medida por ecografía nutricional y bioimpedanciometría (estudio NUTRIECOMUSCLE). En este artículo, los investigadores que lideran estos tres proyectos discuten todos los pasos que han seguido para el desarrollo de los estudios en el contexto de una pandemia mundial: desde la idea inicial, el diseño y el reclutamiento de pacientes hasta los problemas de ejecución que se han encontrado en el día a día o la política de publicación de los resultados. Además, ofrecen algunas impresiones sobre los resultados iniciales y las implicaciones que pueden tener estos estudios para cambiar la práctica clínica habitual.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtornos de Deglutição , Desnutrição , Sarcopenia , Transtornos de Deglutição/epidemiologia , Humanos , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Alta do Paciente , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Sarcopenia/etiologia
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 39(2): 376-382, 2022 Mar 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34839671

RESUMO

Introduction: Introduction: few studies have evaluated body composition (BC) through different techniques, and the degree of agreement between them in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Objectives: to describe BC using techniques to assess nutritional status and to test their concordance in CF. Methods: a cross-sectional study in CF patients in a clinically stable situation. Nutritional assessment was performed using skinfold measurement (SM) and densitometry (DXA). Fat-free mass index (FFMI) was also determined. The diagnosis of malnutrition was established if body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2. Fat-free mass (FFM) malnutrition was diagnosed when FFMI was < 17 kg/m2 in males and < 15 kg/m2 in females (FFMI: fat-free mass in kg/height in m2). Results: forty-one patients were studied (twenty-two females, 53.7 %); median age was 29.8 (interquartile range, 20.9-33.7); BMI was 21.6 (19.8-23.0). Only four (9.8 %) patients had a BMI < 18.5. By DXA, FFM (kg) results were: median, 52.8 (47.8-56.9) with FFMI of 17.9 (16.7-19.3) in males and 36.7 (33.1-38.9) in females, FFMI of 14.7 (14.2-15.8). Twenty (48.6 %) patients presented FFM malnutrition, with 16.7 % of males and 59.1 % of females being affected. By SM, the FFMI was 18.7 (17.2-20.0) in males and 14.9 (14.2-15.8) in females; moreover, sixteen (39.1 %) patients presented malnutrition of FFM, with 20.8 % of males and 61.8 % of females being affected. For FFM (kg), a high concordance was obtained between SM and DXA (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.950); likewise when they were compared by applying the ESPEN criteria for FFM malnutrition. However, when the techniques were compared to classify malnutrition according to FFMI, the kappa coefficient was only moderate (k = 0.440). The mean difference between FFM by DXA and SM was +1.44 ± 0.62 kg in favor of SM, with greater dispersion as FFM increased. Conclusions: the prevalence of FFM malnutrition is high in adult CF patients, despite a normal BMI, especially in females. Notwithstanding the good statistical agreement between SM and DXA, concordance was moderate. Therefore, DXA remains the technique of choice, and SM may be used when the former is not available.


Introducción: Introducción: pocos estudios han evaluado la composición corporal (BC) mediante diferentes técnicas y el grado de concordancia entre ellas en adultos con fibrosis quística (FQ). Objetivos: describir la BC mediante técnicas de evaluación nutricional y comprobar su concordancia en la FQ. Métodos: estudio transversal de adultos con FQ en situación de estabilidad clínica. La evaluación nutricional se realizó mediante medición de pliegues cutáneos (SM) y densitometría (DXA). También se determinó el índice de masa libre de grasa (FFMI). El diagnóstico de desnutrición se estableció si el índice de masa corporal era < 18,5 kg/m2. Se diagnosticó desnutrición por masa libre de grasa (FFM) cuando el FFMI era < 17 kg/m2 en 4 hombres y < 15 kg/m2 en mujeres (FFMI: masa libre de grasa en kg/estatura en m2). Resultados: se estudiaron 41 pacientes (22 mujeres (53,7 %), con una edad media de 29,8 años (rango intercuartílico, 20,9-33,7) e IMC de 21,6 (19,8-23,0). Solo 4 (9,8 %) pacientes tenían un IMC < 18,5. Mediante DXA, los resultados de FFM (kg) fueron (mediana y RIC): 52,8 (47,8-56,9) con FFMI de 17,9 (16,7-19,3) en los varones y 36,7 (33,1-38,9) en las mujeres con FFMI de 14,7 (14,2-15,8). Veinte (48,6 %) pacientes presentaban desnutrición del FFM, con el 16,7 % de varones y el 59,1 % de mujeres afectados. Mediante el SM, el FFMI fue de 18,7 (17,2-20,0) en los varones y de 14,9 (14,2-15,8) en las mujeres. En el caso de la FFM (kg), se obtuvo una alta concordancia entre el SM y la DXA (coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,950); igualmente cuando se compararon las técnicas aplicando los criterios ESPEN para la desnutrición de la FFM. Sin embargo, cuando se compararon las técnicas para clasificar la malnutrición según el FFMI, el coeficiente kappa fue solo moderado (coeficiente kappa = 0,440). La diferencia media entre el FFM por DXA y el SM fue de +1,44 ± 0,62 kg a favor del SM, con mayor dispersión a medida que aumenta el FFM. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la malnutrición por FFM es elevada en pacientes adultos con FQ, a pesar de presentar un IMC normal, especialmente en el caso de las mujeres. A pesar de existir una buena correlación estadística entre el SM y la DXA, la concordancia fue moderada. Por lo tanto, la DXA sigue siendo la técnica de elección y el SM puede ser una alternativa cuando la DXA no esté disponible.


Assuntos
Fibrose Cística , Absorciometria de Fóton , Tecido Adiposo , Adulto , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Impedância Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação Nutricional
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 38(n.extr.1): 19-28, abr. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201892

RESUMO

Investigar en nutrición clínica y dietética consiste en "realizar actividades intelectuales y experimentales de modo sistemático con el propósito de aumentar los conocimientos de esta materia". La investigación biomédica que se realiza en las unidades de nutrición clínica y dietética (UNCyD) debe ser clínico-traslacional, entendida como la forma más rápida de conseguir que los nuevos conocimientos científicos se transfieran no solamente a la investigación clínica sino también a la práctica asistencial. Cuando las UNCyD realizan investigación, independientemente del tipo y la extensión, alcanzan mayores cotas de calidad en la atención sanitaria que prestan a sus usuarios. La práctica clínica y la investigación científica son actividades que constituyen una acción continuada e indisoluble. Por ello, tanto los responsables de las gerencias sanitarias como los de las unidades de nutrición y todos sus miembros tienen la obligación de fomentar la investigación. En el artículo se realiza un breve repaso histórico del nacimiento de la nutrición clínica como disciplina científica, se nombra someramente la legislación que sustenta la investigación biomédica, se proponen las principales claves para potenciar la investigación en las UNCyD y, por último, se orienta sobre las principales vías de financiación y sobre cómo realizar la transferencia y difusión de los resultados


Research in clinical nutrition and dietetics consists of "carrying out intellectual and experimental activities in a systematic way with the purpose of increasing knowledge on this topic." The biomedical research carried out in clinical nutrition and dietetics units (UNCyDs) must be clinical-translational, which is understood as the fastest way to ensure that new scientific knowledge is transferred not only to clinical research but also to clinical practice. When UNCyDs conduct research, regardless of type and extent, they achieve higher quality standards in the health care they provide to their users. Clinical practice and scientific research are activities that constitute a continuous, indissoluble action. For this reason, both those responsible for health management and nutrition units and all their members have an obligation to promote research. In this article, a brief historical review of the birth of clinical nutrition as a scientific discipline is made, the legislation that supports biomedical research is briefly mentioned, the main keys to promote research in UNCyD are proposed, and finally orientation is offered on the main funding for biomedical research programs, and how to transfer and disseminate results


Assuntos
Humanos , Pesquisa Biomédica , Unidades Hospitalares , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/organização & administração , Ciências da Nutrição/economia , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/economia , Obtenção de Fundos/economia , Dietética
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 38(Spec No1): 19-28, 2021 Apr 12.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33525883

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Research in clinical nutrition and dietetics consists of "carrying out intellectual and experimental activities in a systematic way with the purpose of increasing knowledge on this topic." The biomedical research carried out in clinical nutrition and dietetics units (UNCyDs) must be clinical-translational, which is understood as the fastest way to ensure that new scientific knowledge is transferred not only to clinical research but also to clinical practice. When UNCyDs conduct research, regardless of type and extent, they achieve higher quality standards in the health care they provide to their users. Clinical practice and scientific research are activities that constitute a continuous, indissoluble action. For this reason, both those responsible for health management and nutrition units and all their members have an obligation to promote research. In this article, a brief historical review of the birth of clinical nutrition as a scientific discipline is made, the legislation that supports biomedical research is briefly mentioned, the main keys to promote research in UNCyD are proposed, and finally orientation is offered on the main funding for biomedical research programs, and how to transfer and disseminate results.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Investigar en nutrición clínica y dietética consiste en "realizar actividades intelectuales y experimentales de modo sistemático con el propósito de aumentar los conocimientos de esta materia". La investigación biomédica que se realiza en las unidades de nutrición clínica y dietética (UNCyD) debe ser clínico-traslacional, entendida como la forma más rápida de conseguir que los nuevos conocimientos científicos se transfieran no solamente a la investigación clínica sino también a la práctica asistencial. Cuando las UNCyD realizan investigación, independientemente del tipo y la extensión, alcanzan mayores cotas de calidad en la atención sanitaria que prestan a sus usuarios. La práctica clínica y la investigación científica son actividades que constituyen una acción continuada e indisoluble. Por ello, tanto los responsables de las gerencias sanitarias como los de las unidades de nutrición y todos sus miembros tienen la obligación de fomentar la investigación. En el artículo se realiza un breve repaso histórico del nacimiento de la nutrición clínica como disciplina científica, se nombra someramente la legislación que sustenta la investigación biomédica, se proponen las principales claves para potenciar la investigación en las UNCyD y, por último, se orienta sobre las principales vías de financiación y sobre cómo realizar la transferencia y difusión de los resultados.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/normas , Dietética/normas , Serviço Hospitalar de Nutrição/normas , Ciências da Nutrição/normas , Pesquisa Biomédica/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Espanha , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/normas
12.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 111(1): 46-54, ene. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-182159

RESUMO

Introducción: los datos sobre la prevalencia del déficit de vitamina D en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) en España son escasos. Dicha deficiencia podría asociarse a un peor curso evolutivo. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de deficiencia de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25OHD) en una cohorte de pacientes ambulatorios con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y evaluar su asociación con la actividad clínica-biológica, la calidad de vida y síntomas psicológicos. Material y métodos: estudio observacional unicéntrico de tipo transversal. Las variables de estudio se obtuvieron mediante entrevista clínica, revisión del historial médico y cuestionarios validados (escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria y cuestionario corto de calidad de vida de la EII). La determinación de 25OHD fue hecha en el mismo laboratorio por inmunoanálisis de electroquimioluminiscencia. Resultados: se analizaron 224 pacientes. La prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y colitis ulcerosa (CU) fue de un 33,3% y un 20,3% respectivamente. En EC, la deficiencia de vitamina D se asoció con una mayor actividad clínica (p < 0,001) y una mayor concentración de calprotectina fecal (p = 0,01). En CU, hubo asociación con la actividad clínica (p < 0,001), el uso de esteroides en el último semestre (p = 0,001) y los ingresos hospitalarios en el año previo (p = 0,003). En un subanálisis de 149 pacientes no se observó asociación de vitamina D con la calidad de vida ni con las subpuntuaciones de la escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria. Conclusiones: la deficiencia de vitamina D es frecuente en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Se observó una asociación entre su concentración y los índices clínicos de actividad, así como con los niveles de calprotectina fecal en enfermedad de Crohn


Introduction: there are few data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain. A deficiency could be associated with a worse course of the disease. Aim: to determine the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency in a cohort of outpatients with IBD and assess its association with clinical and biological activity, quality of life and psychological symptoms. Methods: a cross-sectional, single-center observational study was performed. The study variables were obtained via clinical interviews, medical chart review and validated questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire). 25OHD was measured in the same laboratory by an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: the study included 224 patients. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was 33.3% and 20.3%, respectively. In Crohn's disease, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher clinical activity (p < 0.001) and a higher concentration of fecal calprotectin (p = 0.01). In ulcerative colitis, it was associated with clinical activity (p < 0.001), the use of steroids during the last six months (p = 0.001) and hospital admission during the previous year (p = 0.003). A sub-analysis of 149 patients failed to detect an association between vitamin D and quality of life or the scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Conclusions: vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. An association was found between vitamin D concentration and clinical activity indexes, as well as fecal calprotectin levels in Crohn's disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/fisiopatologia , Doença de Crohn/fisiopatologia , Colite Ulcerativa/fisiopatologia , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Estudos Transversais , Luminescência
13.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 111(1): 46-54, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30284908

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: there are few data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain. A deficiency could be associated with a worse course of the disease. AIM: to determine the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency in a cohort of outpatients with IBD and assess its association with clinical and biological activity, quality of life and psychological symptoms. METHODS: a cross-sectional, single-center observational study was performed. The study variables were obtained via clinical interviews, medical chart review and validated questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Short Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire). 25OHD was measured in the same laboratory by an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS: the study included 224 patients. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was 33.3% and 20.3%, respectively. In Crohn's disease, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher clinical activity (p < 0.001) and a higher concentration of fecal calprotectin (p = 0.01). In ulcerative colitis, it was associated with clinical activity (p < 0.001), the use of steroids during the last six months (p = 0.001) and hospital admission during the previous year (p = 0.003). A sub-analysis of 149 patients failed to detect an association between vitamin D and quality of life or the scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. CONCLUSIONS: vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. An association was found between vitamin D concentration and clinical activity indexes, as well as fecal calprotectin levels in Crohn's disease.


Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Pacientes Ambulatoriais/estatística & dados numéricos , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Colite Ulcerativa/psicologia , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Doença de Crohn/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/sangue , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/psicologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Testes Psicológicos , Qualidade de Vida , Espanha/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/etiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/psicologia
14.
Endocrinol. diabetes nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(1): 5-16, ene. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-171909

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La imprecisión en la terminología dentro de la nutrición clínica puede acarrear malas interpretaciones entre los distintos profesionales. Objetivo: Por esta razón, la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN) ha promovido la realización del presente trabajo, el primero sobre terminología y definiciones en nutrición artificial clínica (enteral y parenteral) publicado en castellano. Métodos: Un total de 47 especialistas en Endocrinología y Nutrición expertos en la materia, miembros del Área de Nutrición de la SEEN, han participado entre los meses de abril y septiembre de 2016. Tras una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada fueron propuestos 52 conceptos, ampliándose a 54 por las coordinadoras y finalmente a 57 por el grupo de trabajo: 13 de carácter general, 30 referidos a la nutrición enteral y 14 a la parenteral. En una fase posterior se determinó el grado de acuerdo mediante un proceso Delphi de 2 circulaciones. Finalmente fue ratificado mediante un análisis de consistencia y concordancia. Resultados: En 54 de los 57 términos hubo un acuerdo muy consistente y resultaban concordantes. Solo 3 no presentaron concordancia, de los que 2 eran muy consistentes y uno inconsistente. En conclusión, queda consensuada la definición de 54 términos básicos en la práctica de la nutrición clínica (AU)


Background: Imprecision in terms used in the field of clinical nutrition may lead to misinterpretations among professionals. Objective: For this reason, the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN) promoted this document on the terms and definitions used in clinical artificial nutrition (enteral and parenteral), establishing an agreement between Spanish experts of this specialty. Methods: Forty-seven specialists in endocrinology and nutrition, members of the Nutrition Area of the SEEN, participated between April and September 2016. After a systematic literature review, 52 concepts were proposed. The coordinators included two additional concepts, and 57were finally selected by the working group: 13 of a general nature, 30 referring to enteral nutrition and 14 to parenteral nutrition. The degree of agreement was subsequently determined using a two-round Delphi process. It was finally ratified by consistency and concordance analysis. Results: Fifty-four of the 57 terms had a very consistent agreement and were concordant. Only three showed no concordance, of whom two were very consistent and one inconsistent. In conclusion, there was consensus in the definition of 54 basic terms in the practice of clinical nutrition (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Terminologia como Assunto , Ciências da Nutrição/métodos , Endocrinologia/métodos , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Técnica Delfos
15.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 65(1): 5-16, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29233514

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Imprecision in terms used in the field of clinical nutrition may lead to misinterpretations among professionals. OBJECTIVE: For this reason, the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN) promoted this document on the terms and definitions used in clinical artificial nutrition (enteral and parenteral), establishing an agreement between Spanish experts of this specialty. METHODS: Forty-seven specialists in endocrinology and nutrition, members of the Nutrition Area of the SEEN, participated between April and September 2016. After a systematic literature review, 52 concepts were proposed. The coordinators included two additional concepts, and 57were finally selected by the working group: 13 of a general nature, 30 referring to enteral nutrition and 14 to parenteral nutrition. The degree of agreement was subsequently determined using a two-round Delphi process. It was finally ratified by consistency and concordance analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-four of the 57 terms had a very consistent agreement and were concordant. Only three showed no concordance, of whom two were very consistent and one inconsistent. In conclusion, there was consensus in the definition of 54 basic terms in the practice of clinical nutrition.


Assuntos
Ciências da Nutrição , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Terminologia como Assunto , Técnica Delfos , Suplementos Nutricionais/classificação , Endocrinologia/organização & administração , Alimentos Formulados/classificação , Humanos , Idioma , Necessidades Nutricionais , Ciências da Nutrição/organização & administração , Apoio Nutricional/classificação , Sociedades Médicas , Sociedades Científicas , Espanha
18.
Sleep Med ; 15(11): 1398-404, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25262361

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Several recent studies have related short sleep duration with different health problems, though the results related with the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are far from conclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between night-time sleep duration and the incidence of obesity and T2D in a prospective study with a follow-up of 11 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 1145 people evaluated in 1997-1998 and re-evaluated after 6 years and 11 years. At the three study points, subjects without known diabetes mellitus (KDM) were given an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were measured. The subjects were asked about their number of hours of night-time sleep. RESULTS: After adjustment, the OR of becoming obese was significantly higher in subjects who slept ≤ 7 hours per night, at both the 6-year follow-up (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.12-3.55) and the 11-year follow-up (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.47-5.04). The incidence of T2D at the 6-year follow-up in subjects without T2D at baseline was higher in those who slept ≤ 7 hours per night (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.10-3.50). However, this association was not independent of obesity, weight gain or abnormal glucose regulation at baseline. At the 11-year follow-up however there was no association between night-time sleep duration and the incidence of T2D. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of obesity over the 11-year follow-up increased in subjects with fewer hours of night-time sleep. The incidence of T2D according to the hours of night-time sleep depended on obesity and the carbohydrate metabolism phenotype.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Obesidade/etiologia , Privação do Sono/complicações , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sono , Fatores de Tempo
19.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(7): 366-372, jul.2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055264

RESUMO

Objetivo: La desnutrición es frecuente en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) e implica un desequilibrio entre la ingesta y los requerimientos. Nuestro objetivo ha sido calcular el gasto energético en reposo (GER) mediante calorimetría indirecta en adultos con FQ, compararlo con las fórmulas estimativas habitualmente empleadas y valorar la influencia de parámetros clínicos sobre el GER. Pacientes y métodos: Estudiamos a 21 pacientes con FQ que se encontraban estables clínicamente. Se efectuaron medidas de parámetros antropométricos, dinamometría de mano, impedanciometría bioeléctrica y del GER medido por calorimetría indirecta (CI). Estudiamos la concordancia entre los valores del GER medidos y estimados por las fórmulas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y de Harris-Benedict (HB) mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y el método de Bland-Altman. Resultados: Las ecuaciones infraestimaron el GER en más del 90% de los casos. La concordancia entre la CI y la estimada por las fórmulas fue escasa (para OMS, 0,47, y para HB, 0,41). Mediante el método de Bland-Altman observamos un sesgo variable entre la CI y las fórmulas, independiente de los valores del GER. La diferencia entre la CI respecto de la estimada por la fórmula de la OMS fue significativamente mayor en homocigóticos DeltaF508 y en los pacientes con insuficiencia pancreática exocrina frente al resto. Conclusiones: En adultos con FQ, las fórmulas de la OMS y de HB infraestiman el GER. Hay una baja concordancia entre los valores del GER medidos y estimados. La infraestimación fue mayor en pacientes con insuficiencia pancreática exocrina y en homocigóticos DeltaF508


Objective: Undernutrition, which implies an imbalance between energy intake and energy requirements, is common in patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare resting energy expenditure determined by indirect calorimetry with that obtained with commonly used predictive equations in adults with cystic fibrosis and to assess the influence of clinical variables on the values obtained. Patients and methods: We studied 21 patients with clinically stable cystic fibrosis, obtaining data on anthro-pometric variables, hand grip dynamometry, electrical bioimpedance, and resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland­Altman method to assess agreement between the values obtained for resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and those obtained with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Harris­Benedict prediction equations. Results: The prediction equations underestimated resting energy expenditure in more than 90% of cases. The agreement between the value obtained by indirect calorimetry and that calculated with the prediction equations was poor (ICC for comparisons with the WHO and Harris­Benedict equations, 0.47 and 0.41, respectively). Bland­Altman analysis revealed a variable bias between the results of indirect calorimetry and those obtained with prediction equations, irrespective of the resting energy expenditure. The difference between the values measured by indirect calorimetry and those obtained with the WHO equation was significantly larger in patients homozygous for the DeltaF508 mutation and in those with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Conclusions: The WHO and Harris­Benedict prediction equations underestimate resting energy expenditure in adults with cystic fibrosis. There is poor agreement between the values for resting energy expenditure determined by indirect calorimetry and those estimated with prediction equations. Underestimation was greater in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and patients who were homozygous for DeltaF508


Assuntos
Humanos , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Fibrose Cística/fisiopatologia , Calorimetria Indireta , Fatores de Risco , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/fisiopatologia
20.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(5): 326-335, mayo 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045194

RESUMO

La fibrosis quística (FQ) es la enfermedad letal, de herencia mendeliana recesiva, más frecuente en la población caucásica. Durante las últimas 4 décadas se ha incrementado notablemente la supervivencia de las personas con fibrosis quística, y ha pasado de ser una enfermedad propia "de niños y mortal" a convertirse en una enfermedad "crónica multisistémica". Uno de los factores que han favorecido este cambio es el correcto seguimiento nutricional. La prevalencia de desnutrición en la FQ es elevada y se comporta como un factor predictor de morbimortalidad, de forma independiente del grado de afección de la función pulmonar. La interacción entre nutrición y función pulmonar, por tanto, posee gran relevancia porque, al descender de forma paralela, influirían en la calidad de vida y el pronóstico de supervivencia del paciente. La intervención nutricional, además de mejorar los parámetros nutricionales, podría enlentecer la disminución progresiva de la función pulmonar. Por ello, la Sociedad Europea de FQ, en su documento de consenso acerca de los estándares asistenciales para las personas con FQ, indica que el equipo multidisciplinario debe contar con un dietista o especialista en nutrición que debe ser el responsable de la valoración, la educación y la asistencia nutricionales. Para los pacientes con FQ, se recomienda que la ingesta habitual aporte entre el 120 y el 150% de las calorías recomendadas para las personas sanas y que sea de alto contenido en grasas. Para los pacientes con insuficiencia pancreática, se recomienda la suplementación sistemática con vitaminas liposolubles. Si con las modificaciones de la dieta no se consigue alcanzar o mantener los objetivos nutricionales previstos, se pueden adicionar suplementos artificiales y, si estas medidas fallan, indicar la nutrición enteral por sonda (generalmente mediante gastrostomías)


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the lethal most frequent autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians. Over the last four decades, survival has markedly increased in patients with CF, which used to be a "lethal disease of children" and has now become a "chronic multisystemic" disease. One of the factors that has contributed to this change is proper nutritional follow-up. The prevalence of malnutrition in CF is high and malnutrition is a predictor of morbidity and mortality independently of the severity of pulmonary function deterioration. The interaction between nutrition and pulmonary function is therefore highly important, since deterioration in both factors will negatively affect both the patient's quality of life and prognosis for survival. Moreover, in addition to improving nutritional status, nutritional intervention could also slow the progressive decrease in pulmonary function. Consequently, the consensus document on standards of care for people with CF of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society stipulates that multidisciplinary teams should include a dietitian or specialist in nutrition who should be responsible for the patient's nutritional evaluation, education and management. In patients with CF, a routine calorie intake of between 120 and 150% of that recommended in healthy individuals as well as a high fat content are recommended. In patients with pancreatic insufficiency, systematic supplementation with liposoluble vitamins is advisable. If dietary modifications to not achieve or maintain the established nutritional goals, artificial supplements can be added and, if these measures fail, enteral nutrition through a tube (generally through gastrostomy) is indicated


Assuntos
Humanos , Fibrose Cística/dietoterapia , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Avaliação Nutricional , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagem
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